References & Acknowledgements

This page helps me keep track of the various sources and resources I use on this website. It provides the appropriate attribution to content made by others. It may be somewhat unconventional, but simpler to follow for the common reader.

Pavement mosaic from ancient homes - Rome, Italy.

Literature & Other Content

(1-i) UNESCO World Heritage List

(2-i) UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Tourism Highlights: 2018 Edition

(3) Herodotus: The Histories at Perseus Digital Library

(3-i) Chapter 94. Etruscan Origins from Lydia

(4) Dionysius of Halicarnassus: Roman Antiquities at Bill Thayer’s site

(4-i) Book 1, Chapter 26-30 Etruscan Origins

(4-ii) Book 2, Chapter 30-47 Abduction of the Sabine Women

(5) Livy (Titus Livius): Ab Urbe Condita (From the Founding of the City) at Perseus Digital Library

(5-i) Book 1, Chapter 9-13 Abduction of the Sabine Women

(6-i) The Great Courses: The Mysterious Etruscans, by Dr. Steven L. Tuck

(7-i) Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans’ mtDNA, PLoS Journal at the US National Library of Medicine

(8-i) Sophocles: Trachiniae at Perseus Digital Library

(9) Apollodorus (Pseudo-Apollodorus): Bibliotheke (Library) at Perseus Digital Library

(9-i) Book 2 Chapter 4 – Perseus

(9-ii) Book 2 Chapter 5 – Hercules

(10-i) Diodorus Siculus: Bibliotheca Historica (Library of History), Book IV at Bill Thayer’s site

(11-i) P. Vergilius Maro (Virgil): Aeneid at Perseus Digital Library

(12) Giorgio Vasari: Lives of the Most Eminent Painters Sculptors and Architects at Project Gutenberg

(12-i) Baccio Bandinelli (vol. 07)

(12-ii) Benvenuto Cellini (vol. 10)

(13-i) Michael David Montford: Carving for a Future: Baccio Bandinelli Securing Medici Patronage Through His Mutually Fulfilling and Propagandistic “Hercules and Cacus” at academia.edu

(14) Plutarch: Parallel Lives at Bill Thayer’s site

(14-i) The Life of Romulus, Chapter 14-21 Abduction of the Sabine Women

(15) Hesiod: Theogony at Perseus Digital Library

(16) Hesiod: The Shield of Heracles at the Perseus Digital Library

(17) Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound at Perseus Digital Library

(18) Pindar: Pythian 12 at Perseus Digital Library

(19) Strabo: Geography (the cyclops) at Perseus Digital Library

(20) Ovid: Metamorphoses (the story of Medusa) at Perseus Digital Library

(21) Patricia A. Rosenmeyer: Simonides’ Danae Fragment Reconsidered at jstor.org

(22) The Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini (translated by John Addington Symonds) on gutenberg.com

Pavement mosaic from ancient homes - Rome, Italy.

Images & Other Artistic Creations

(a-) Images sourced from Wikimedia Commons.

No changes have been made to these images unless noted.

(a-1) Romulus & Remus (photo by Carlo Brogi, public domain)

(a-2) Bust of Julius Caesar (public domain)

(a-3) Bust of Octavian, Augustus Caesar (photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, public domain)

(a-4) Bust of Emperor Claudius (photo by Luis Garcia/Zaqarbal, public domain)

(a-5) Tomb of the Triclinium – Two Dancers (photo courtesy of The Yorck Project, public domain)

(a-6) Etruscan Civilization Map (courtesy of NormanEinstein, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-7) Dancers and musicians, Tomb of the Leopards (photo by Yann Forget, public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-8) Bust of Herodotus (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, public domain)

(a-9) Photo of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art – courtesy of Rados inc., public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-10) Hercules beating the Centaur Nessus (photo courtesy of Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-11) Nessus molesting Deianeira (photo courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, CC0 1.0). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-12) Hercules shooting Nessus with a poisoned arrow (photo by Sotheby’s, public domain).

(a-13) Hercules with the poisoned coat (photo courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, CC0 1.0)

(a-14) Hercules, the Lernaean Hydra, and Iolaus (public domain)

(a-15) The head of Hercules, Drawing from 1792 (photo from Wellcome Images, CC BY 4.0)

(a-16) Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici (public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-17) Cosimo il Vecchio (public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-18) Lorenzo de’ Medici (Il Magnifico) (photo courtesy of Bart Huysmans & Michel Wuyts, CC0 1.0). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-19) Cosimo I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (photo courtesy of UK National Gallery, public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-20) Pope Leo X (public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-21) Pope Clement VII (courtesy of Museo Capodimonte, public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-22) Catherine de’ Medici (courtesy of Musee Carnavalet, public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-23) Maria de’ Medici (photo courtesy of Museo del Prado, public domain). Change: Image was cropped.

(a-24) Uffizzi Gallery Panorama (photo by Frans-Banja Mulder, CC BY 3.0)

(a-25) Uffizzi Gallery Hallway (photo by Petar Milosevic, CC BY-SA 4.0)

(a-26) Medici Coat of Arms (photo by Jebulon, CC0 1.0)

(a-27) Hercules Farnese (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, Naples National Archeological Museum, CC BY 2.5)

(a-28) Hercules Farnese-backside, with Golden Apples (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, Naples National Archeological Museum, CC BY 2.5)

(a-29) Hercules from the Theater of Pompey (photo by Jastrow, Vatican Museums, public)

(a-30) Hercules and the Erymanthian Boar (photo by Szilas, Residenzmuseum, München, public)

(a-31) Hercules and Cerberus (photo by Sebastianm, CC BY-SA 2.5)

(a-32) Hercules and the Cretan Bull (photo by Ralf Roletschek, CC BY 3.0)

(a-33) Hercules and Anteus (photo by James Steakley, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-34) Nemean Lion mosaic (photo by Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0)

(a-35) Hercules and the Cerynithian Hind (photo by Jastrow, British Museum, public)

(a-36) Hercules and the Mares of Diomedes (courtesy of Los Angeles County Museum of Art, public)

(a-37) Hercules and the Stymphalian Birds (photo by Jastrow, British Museum, public)

(a-38) Hercules and the Augean Stables mosaic (photo by Luis Garcia/Zaqarbal, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-39) Geryon and Orthrus (photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, Cabinet des Médailles, public domain)

(a-40) Hercules and Geryon (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, Louvre Museum, public)

(a-41) Piazzale Michelangelo (photo by Txllxt TxllxT, CC BY-SA 4.0)

(a-42) Firenze Piazza della Signoria (photo by Zolli, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-43) Vasari Corridor (photo by Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-44) Cosimo I Equestrian statue by Giambologna (photo by Morio, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-45) Savonarola plaque (photo by Jebulon, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-46) Portrait of Bartolomeo Bandinelli (public domain)

(a-47) Portrait of Giambologna (by Studio of Hans von Aachen, portrait in Musée de Douai, public domain)

(a-48) Ratto delle Sabine, base relief (photo by Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0). Change: cropped, edited for white balance, color.

(a-49) Romanelli’s Rape of the Sabine Women fresco at Queen’s Cabinet, Sully wing, Louvre Palace (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 2.5)

(a-50) The Intervention of the Sabine Women (painting by Jacques-Louis David at the Louvre Museum, public)

(a-51) Caravaggio Medusa (photo of a Caravaggio painting at the Uffizi Gallery, public). Change: cropped, edited for white balance, color.

(a-52) Tholos tomb at Pylos (photo by Tom Elliott, CC BY 2.0 Generic). Change: cropped, edited for white balance, color.

(a-53) Cyclopean walls of Mycenae (photo by Berthold Werner, CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported). Change: cropped.

(a-54) Cyclopean walls of Tiryns (photo by Davide Mauro CC BY-SA 4.0 International). Change: cropped, edited for white balance, color.

(a-55) Cyclopean walls of Tiryns (Photo by Karelksir, CC BY-SA 4.0 International). Change: cropped, edited for white balance, color.

(a-56) Cyclopean walls of Mycenae (photo by George E.Koronaios, CC0 1.0). Change: cropped.

(a-57) Perseus and Andromeda (photo of a Piero di Cosimo painting at the Uffizi Gallery, by the Google Arts Project, public). Change: cropped.

(a-58) Perseus and Medusa (photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 2.5)

(a-59) Perseus and the Graiae (photo of a painting by Edward Burne-Jones, public)

(a-60) Zeus seduces Danae (photo of painting by Henri Fantin-Latour, public)

(a-61) Benvenuto Cellini self-protrait (photo by Alicia Milor, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-62) Bust of Cellini by Romanelli (photo by Grzegorz Gołębiowski, CC BY-SA 3.0)

(a-63) Perseus by Cellini (photo by JoJan, public)

(a-64) King Francis I (public)

(b-) Images sourced from Unsplash.com.

No changes have been made to these images unless noted.

(b-1) American breakfast plate (photo by Kyndall Ramirez)

(b-2) 3-egg breakfast plate (photo by Eiliv-Sonas Aceron)

(b-3) Pasticceria in Italy (photo by Bertrand Borie)

(b-4) Espresso and biscotto (photo by Jonathan Pielmayer )

(b-5) Caffè espresso served in demitasse cups (photo by Laura Seidlitz)

(b-6) Coffee and beans (photo by Mike Kenneally). Change: Removed near-invisible line across middle of page.

(b7) White cup with coffee beans (photo by Julia Florczak)

(b-8) Sunset over Firenze (photo by Heidi Kaden)

(b-9) Piazzale degli Uffizi (photo by Matteo Lezzi)

(b-10) Groom Carrying Bride in a meadow (photo by Katelyn MacMillan). Change: image cropped and edited for white-balance and color.

(c-) Images sourced from Google Maps, Street View, or Google Earth.

Content from these products are based on Google permissions/geo-guidelines. Attributions are automatically generated by Google – additional attribution supplied as required by Google Attribution Guidelines, when not readable on the post.

(c-1) Map of Florence Central Market (annotated)

(c-2) Map of Rome Central Market (annotated)

(c-3) 360 StreetView of Piazza della Signoria (by Jess Thompson)

(c-4) 360 StreetView of Loggia dei Lanzi (by Petr Havlik)

(c-5) 360 StreetView of Bargello National Museum courtyard (by Rene de Paula Jr)

(c-6) 360 StreetView of inside of Bargello National Museum (by Phillips Pan)

(c-7) Map of Rome: Circus Maximus, Palatine Hill area (annotated)

(c-8) Map of Greece (annotated)

(d-) Images sourced from The Metropolitan Museum.

(d-1) Head of Medusa, Cameo by Benedetto Pistrucci (public domain). Change: cropped, edited for color, effects.

(d-2) Andromeda and the Sea Monster by Domenico Guidi (public domain).

(d-3) Perseus and Medusa on a Pelike Jar by Polygnotos (public domain). Change: cropped.

(d-4) Perseus and Medusa Lekythos by Diosphos (public domain). Change: cropped, edited for color.

(d-5) Medusa bronze chariot ornament (public domain).

(e-) Images sourced from The British Museum.

(e-1) Gorgon on a Hydra from Tarquinia (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Change: cropped.

(e-2) Gorgon with Perseus and Hermes Olpe jar by Amasis Painter (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Change: cropped.

(f-) Images sourced from Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien

(f-1) Cellini’s Saliera (Salt Cellar) (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).


A bull, a dragon, and a bear on the marble wall of the Tower of Pisa, Italy.
Let’s go! Andiamo! Abeamus! Vamonos! Tayo Na! Ikimashou!
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